Social engineering refers to the manipulation of individuals or groups to make them divulge confidential information, perform actions, or grant access to systems or networks. It involves psychological manipulation rather than technical exploits. The goal of social engineering is often to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information or systems.

Social engineers use various tactics to exploit human psychology and behavior. Some common techniques include:

1. Phishing: Sending deceptive emails, messages, or websites that appear to be from a trusted source to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information, such as passwords or financial details.

2. Pretexting: Creating a fabricated scenario or pretext to obtain information or access. This might involve impersonating a trusted person, such as a coworker, to gain access to confidential information.

3. Quid pro quo: Offering a benefit or reward in exchange for information or access. For example, a social engineer might pose as an IT support person and offer assistance in exchange for login credentials.

4. Baiting: Leaving physical devices, like infected USB drives or CDs, in locations where they are likely to be found. When someone picks up the device and connects it to their computer, malicious software can be deployed.

5. Impersonation: Pretending to be someone else, such as a legitimate employee, to gain access to restricted areas or information.

Social engineering exploits the fact that people can be the weakest link in the security chain. No matter how advanced the technical safeguards are, if individuals can be manipulated into providing sensitive information or performing actions that compromise security, the overall system remains vulnerable. Awareness, education, and vigilance are essential components of defense against social engineering attacks.